One Small Step

There are reports that because of all the publicity surrounding R. W. Bussard‘s work in inertial electrostatic fusion, the US Navy has offered him an additional year’s funding. This is nowhere near enough to build a full-scale net power reactor, but should be enough to produce more convincing proofs of concept.

If Dr. Bussard’s work can be made to produce a net power fusion reactor, we could be on the verge of a significant period in history. Dr. Bussard is no crackpot; he’s been a respected figure in fusion research for over forty years.

The prevailing model of fusion reactor, called a Tokamak, which has not yet been made to produce net power in over forty years of research, has a significant problem, in that the easiest fusions it can use are Deuterium-Deuterium, or Deuterium-Tritium. The problem with these reactions are that they produce excess neutrons, which fly out and collide with the walls of the reactor vessels, causing them to become more and more radioactive over time.

However, Dr. Bussard calculates that his MaGrid Polywell design may easily fuse protons (Hydrogen ions) and Boron-11. This particular reaction does not produce neutrons. On the contrary, it produces extra protons, which, if things are balanced in precisely the right manner, may be induced to draw electrons from the walls of the reactor, turning themselves into hydrogen atoms which then may be pumped out or reintroduced to the reactor. A flow of electrons in the reactor walls is plain old electricity, which may be used directly — without any of the intermediate steps used in present fission reactors as well as tokamaks of heating fluids into steam which drive turbine generators.

This stuff really has the potential to change the world.

Congratulations SpaceX

The Falcon 1 launch last night was mostly successful. A perfect liftoff, first stage burn, staging and second stage ignition. About a minute into the second stage burn the vehicle started “coning” — tumbling around its long axis — and the engine was shut down. So the second stage didn’t quite make it to orbit, but it did get to 300km on a ballistic trajectory.

So while not a completely successful test, it was a pretty good validation for SpaceX.

The Suspense is Killing Me

The second launch of SpaceX‘s Falcon 1 was scheduled for today. At 4:45PM PDT they aborted the countdown with less than 2 minutes to go. Given that the first launched ended in an out-of-control vehicle, I guess they’re justified in being extra-cautious. But now I have to go to choir practice and miss another launch, if they decide to go for it!

Update: So the launch was scrubbed for the day. The error was some problem to do with the telemetry.

Update on Tuesday March 20: The countdown was aborted at T-0, after main engine start. I’ve read elsewhere that the automatic abort systems are overly conservative. There was a bit of swearing in the background of the audio feed — I hope that doesn’t mean something bad happened. The vehicle looks fine in the video feed.

Update #3: They are partially offloading fuel and will refuel and try again. Engine chamber pressure was 0.1 PSI below nominal. They think that the fuel may have been too cold, causing the low chamber pressure. They will refuel with fresh fuel.

Clean, Cheap Power & Spaceflight

Dr. Robert W. Bussard is a physicist who’s been working in the field of nuclear fusion for decades. He is famous to spaceflight fans as the inventor of the Bussard Ramjet, a concept for fueling interstellar spacecraft in flight from the interstellar medium.

He’s been working on a design for fusion power plants that differs from the usual approach (which has been 30 years in the future for the past 40). Previously unable to publish because of the military sponsorship of his research program, he’s now releasing details of the past decade’s work. See the Wikipedia articles (I happen to have edited some of them :-) for more, including a 1.5 hour talk at Google. The upshot is that his team demonstrated on a limited scale that they understand the concepts, and feel confident that they will scale to designs for powerplants.

What this means: clean, cheap power generation from seawater and borax. The Boron-11 / Hydrogen fusion process used in his design releases no radiation or neutrons (which generate radiation in the surrounding materials). The design can also be used for an incredibly powerful and efficient space drive, that can be used to get to Mars in days, and the outer planets in a matter of weeks.

All for a mere $200 million in research costs. It’s inconcievable to me that some government or large company wouldn’t take a crack at this.